using Barotrauma.Abilities;
using Barotrauma.Extensions;
using Barotrauma.Networking;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Globalization;
using System.Linq;
using System.Xml.Linq;

namespace Barotrauma
{
    partial class CharacterHealth
    {
        class LimbHealth
        {
            public Sprite IndicatorSprite;
            public Sprite HighlightSprite;

            public Rectangle HighlightArea;

            public readonly LocalizedString Name;
                        
            //public readonly List<Affliction> Afflictions = new List<Affliction>();

            public readonly Dictionary<Identifier, float> VitalityMultipliers = new Dictionary<Identifier, float>();
            public readonly Dictionary<Identifier, float> VitalityTypeMultipliers = new Dictionary<Identifier, float>();

            public LimbHealth() { }

            public LimbHealth(ContentXElement element, CharacterHealth characterHealth)
            {
                string limbName = element.GetAttributeString("name", null) ?? "generic";
                if (limbName != "generic")
                {
                    Name = TextManager.Get("HealthLimbName." + limbName);
                }
                foreach (var subElement in element.Elements())
                {
                    switch (subElement.Name.ToString().ToLowerInvariant())
                    {
                        case "sprite":
                            IndicatorSprite = new Sprite(subElement);
                            HighlightArea = subElement.GetAttributeRect("highlightarea", new Rectangle(0, 0, (int)IndicatorSprite.size.X, (int)IndicatorSprite.size.Y));
                            break;
                        case "highlightsprite":
                            HighlightSprite = new Sprite(subElement);
                            break;
                        case "vitalitymultiplier":
                            if (subElement.GetAttribute("name") != null)
                            {
                                DebugConsole.ThrowError("Error in character health config (" + characterHealth.Character.Name + ") - define vitality multipliers using affliction identifiers or types instead of names.",
                                    contentPackage: element.ContentPackage);
                                continue;
                            }
                            var vitalityMultipliers = subElement.GetAttributeIdentifierArray("identifier", null) ?? subElement.GetAttributeIdentifierArray("identifiers", null);
                            if (vitalityMultipliers != null)
                            {
                                float multiplier = subElement.GetAttributeFloat("multiplier", 1.0f);
                                foreach (var vitalityMultiplier in vitalityMultipliers)
                                {
                                    VitalityMultipliers.Add(vitalityMultiplier, multiplier);
                                    if (AfflictionPrefab.Prefabs.None(p => p.Identifier == vitalityMultiplier))
                                    {
                                        DebugConsole.AddWarning($"Potentially incorrectly defined vitality multiplier in \"{characterHealth.Character.Name}\". Could not find any afflictions with the identifier \"{vitalityMultiplier}\". Did you mean to define the afflictions by type instead?",
                                            contentPackage: element.ContentPackage);
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                            var vitalityTypeMultipliers = subElement.GetAttributeIdentifierArray("type", null) ?? subElement.GetAttributeIdentifierArray("types", null);
                            if (vitalityTypeMultipliers != null)
                            {
                                float multiplier = subElement.GetAttributeFloat("multiplier", 1.0f);
                                foreach (var vitalityTypeMultiplier in vitalityTypeMultipliers)
                                {
                                    VitalityTypeMultipliers.Add(vitalityTypeMultiplier, multiplier);
                                    if (AfflictionPrefab.Prefabs.None(p => p.AfflictionType == vitalityTypeMultiplier))
                                    {
                                        DebugConsole.AddWarning($"Potentially incorrectly defined vitality multiplier in \"{characterHealth.Character.Name}\". Could not find any afflictions of the type \"{vitalityTypeMultiplier}\". Did you mean to define the afflictions by identifier instead?",
                                            contentPackage: element.ContentPackage);
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                            if (vitalityMultipliers == null && VitalityTypeMultipliers == null)
                            {
                                DebugConsole.ThrowError($"Error in character health config {characterHealth.Character.Name}: affliction identifier(s) or type(s) not defined in the \"VitalityMultiplier\" elements!",
                                    contentPackage: element.ContentPackage);
                            }
                            break;
                    }
                }
            }
        }       

        public const float InsufficientOxygenThreshold = 30.0f;
        public const float LowOxygenThreshold = 50.0f;
        protected float minVitality;

        /// <summary>
        /// Maximum vitality without talent- or job-based modifiers
        /// </summary>
        protected float UnmodifiedMaxVitality
        {
            get => Character.Params.Health.Vitality;
            set => Character.Params.Health.Vitality = value;
        }

        public bool Unkillable;

        public bool DoesBleed
        {
            get => Character.Params.Health.DoesBleed && !Character.Params.IsMachine;
            private set => Character.Params.Health.DoesBleed = value;
        }

        public bool UseHealthWindow
        {
            get => Character.Params.Health.UseHealthWindow;
            set => Character.Params.Health.UseHealthWindow = value;
        }

        public float CrushDepth
        {
            get => Character.Params.Health.CrushDepth;
            private set => Character.Params.Health.CrushDepth = value;
        }

        private readonly List<LimbHealth> limbHealths = new List<LimbHealth>();

        private readonly Dictionary<Affliction, LimbHealth> afflictions = new Dictionary<Affliction, LimbHealth>();
        private readonly HashSet<Affliction> irremovableAfflictions = new HashSet<Affliction>();
        private Affliction bloodlossAffliction;
        private Affliction oxygenLowAffliction;
        private Affliction pressureAffliction;
        private Affliction stunAffliction;
        public Affliction BloodlossAffliction { get => bloodlossAffliction; }

        public bool IsUnconscious
        {
            get { return Character.IsDead || (Vitality <= 0.0f && !Character.HasAbilityFlag(AbilityFlags.AlwaysStayConscious)); }
        }

        public float PressureKillDelay { get; private set; } = 5.0f;

        private float vitality;
        public float Vitality 
        {
            get
            {
                if (Character.IsDead)
                {
                    return minVitality;
                }
                return vitality;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// How much vitality the character would have if it was alive? 
        /// E.g. a character killed by disconnection or with console commands may not have any vitality-reducing afflictions despite being dead
        /// </summary>
        public float VitalityDisregardingDeath => vitality;

        public float HealthPercentage => MathUtils.Percentage(Vitality, MaxVitality);

        public float MaxVitality
        {
            get
            {
                float max = UnmodifiedMaxVitality;
                if (Character?.Info?.Job?.Prefab != null)
                {
                    max += Character.Info.Job.Prefab.VitalityModifier;
                }
                max *= Character.HumanPrefabHealthMultiplier;
                if (GameMain.GameSession?.Campaign is CampaignMode campaign)
                {
                    max *= Character.IsOnPlayerTeam
                        ? campaign.Settings.CrewVitalityMultiplier
                        : campaign.Settings.NonCrewVitalityMultiplier;
                }
                max *= 1f + Character.GetStatValue(StatTypes.MaximumHealthMultiplier);
                return max * Character.HealthMultiplier;
            }
        }

        public float MinVitality
        {
            get
            {
                if (Character?.Info?.Job?.Prefab != null)
                {
                    return -MaxVitality;
                }
                return minVitality;
            }
        }

        public static readonly Color DefaultFaceTint = Color.TransparentBlack;

        public Color FaceTint
        {
            get;
            private set;
        }

        public Color BodyTint
        {
            get;
            private set;
        }

        public float OxygenAmount
        {
            get
            {
                if (!Character.NeedsOxygen || Unkillable || Character.GodMode) { return 100.0f; }
                return -oxygenLowAffliction.Strength + 100;
            }
            set
            {
                if (!Character.NeedsOxygen || Unkillable || Character.GodMode) { return; }
                oxygenLowAffliction.Strength = MathHelper.Clamp(-value + 100, 0.0f, 200.0f);
            }
        }

        public float BloodlossAmount
        {
            get { return bloodlossAffliction.Strength; }
            set { bloodlossAffliction.Strength = MathHelper.Clamp(value, 0, bloodlossAffliction.Prefab.MaxStrength); }
        }

        public float Stun
        {
            get { return stunAffliction.Strength; }
            set
            {
                if (Character.GodMode) { return; }
                stunAffliction.Strength = MathHelper.Clamp(value, 0.0f, stunAffliction.Prefab.MaxStrength); 
            }
        }

        public bool IsParalyzed { get; private set; }

        public float StunTimer { get; private set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// Was the character in full health at the beginning of the frame?
        /// </summary>
        public bool WasInFullHealth { get; private set; }

        public Affliction PressureAffliction
        {
            get { return pressureAffliction; }
        }

        public readonly Character Character;

        public CharacterHealth(Character character)
        {
            this.Character = character;
            vitality = 100.0f;

            DoesBleed = true;
            UseHealthWindow = false;

            InitIrremovableAfflictions();

            limbHealths.Add(new LimbHealth());

            InitProjSpecific(null, character);
        }

        public CharacterHealth(ContentXElement element, Character character, ContentXElement limbHealthElement = null)
        {
            this.Character = character;
            InitIrremovableAfflictions();

            vitality = UnmodifiedMaxVitality;

            minVitality = element.GetAttributeFloat(nameof(MinVitality), character.IsHuman ? -100.0f : 0.0f);

            limbHealths.Clear();
            limbHealthElement ??= element;
            foreach (var subElement in limbHealthElement.Elements())
            {
                if (!subElement.Name.ToString().Equals("limb", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)) { continue; }
                limbHealths.Add(new LimbHealth(subElement, this));
            }
            if (limbHealths.Count == 0)
            {
                limbHealths.Add(new LimbHealth());
            }

            InitProjSpecific(element, character);
        }

        private void InitIrremovableAfflictions()
        {
            irremovableAfflictions.Add(bloodlossAffliction = new Affliction(AfflictionPrefab.Bloodloss, 0.0f));
            irremovableAfflictions.Add(stunAffliction = new Affliction(AfflictionPrefab.Stun, 0.0f));
            irremovableAfflictions.Add(pressureAffliction = new Affliction(AfflictionPrefab.Pressure, 0.0f));
            irremovableAfflictions.Add(oxygenLowAffliction = new Affliction(AfflictionPrefab.OxygenLow, 0.0f));
            foreach (Affliction affliction in irremovableAfflictions)
            {
                afflictions.Add(affliction, null);
            }
        }

        partial void InitProjSpecific(ContentXElement element, Character character);

        public IReadOnlyCollection<Affliction> GetAllAfflictions()
        {
            return afflictions.Keys;
        }

        public IEnumerable<Affliction> GetAllAfflictions(Func<Affliction, bool> limbHealthFilter)
        {
            return afflictions.Keys.Where(limbHealthFilter);
        }

        private float GetTotalDamage(LimbHealth limbHealth)
        {
            float totalDamage = 0.0f;
            foreach (KeyValuePair<Affliction, LimbHealth> kvp in afflictions)
            {
                if (kvp.Value != limbHealth) { continue; }
                var affliction = kvp.Key;
                totalDamage += affliction.GetVitalityDecrease(this);
            }
            return totalDamage;
        }

        private LimbHealth GetMatchingLimbHealth(Limb limb) => limb == null ? null : limbHealths[limb.HealthIndex];
        private LimbHealth GetMatchingLimbHealth(Affliction affliction) => GetMatchingLimbHealth(Character.AnimController.GetLimb(affliction.Prefab.IndicatorLimb, excludeSevered: false));

        public Affliction GetAffliction(string identifier, bool allowLimbAfflictions = true) =>
            GetAffliction(identifier.ToIdentifier(), allowLimbAfflictions);
        
        public Affliction GetAffliction(Identifier identifier, bool allowLimbAfflictions = true)
            => GetAffliction(a => a.Prefab.Identifier == identifier, allowLimbAfflictions);

        public Affliction GetAfflictionOfType(Identifier afflictionType, bool allowLimbAfflictions = true) 
            => GetAffliction(a => a.Prefab.AfflictionType == afflictionType, allowLimbAfflictions);

        private Affliction GetAffliction(Func<Affliction, bool> predicate, bool allowLimbAfflictions = true)
        {
            foreach (KeyValuePair<Affliction, LimbHealth> kvp in afflictions)
            {
                if (!allowLimbAfflictions && kvp.Value != null) { continue; }
                if (predicate(kvp.Key)) { return kvp.Key; }
            }
            return null;
        }

        public T GetAffliction<T>(Identifier identifier, bool allowLimbAfflictions = true) where T : Affliction
        {
            return GetAffliction(identifier, allowLimbAfflictions) as T;
        }

        public Affliction GetAffliction(Identifier identifier, Limb limb)
        {
            if (limb.HealthIndex < 0 || limb.HealthIndex >= limbHealths.Count)
            {
                DebugConsole.ThrowError("Limb health index out of bounds. Character\"" + Character.Name +
                    "\" only has health configured for" + limbHealths.Count + " limbs but the limb " + limb.type + " is targeting index " + limb.HealthIndex);
                return null;
            }
            foreach (KeyValuePair<Affliction, LimbHealth> kvp in afflictions)
            {
                if (limbHealths[limb.HealthIndex] == kvp.Value && kvp.Key.Prefab.Identifier == identifier) { return kvp.Key; }
            }
            return null;
        }

        public Limb GetAfflictionLimb(Affliction affliction)
        {
            if (affliction != null && afflictions.TryGetValue(affliction, out LimbHealth limbHealth))
            {
                if (limbHealth == null) { return null; }
                int limbHealthIndex = limbHealths.IndexOf(limbHealth);
                foreach (Limb limb in Character.AnimController.Limbs)
                {
                    if (limb.HealthIndex == limbHealthIndex) { return limb; }
                }
            }
            return null;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Get the total strength of the afflictions of a specific type attached to a specific limb
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="afflictionType">Type of the affliction</param>
        /// <param name="limb">The limb the affliction is attached to</param>
        /// <param name="requireLimbSpecific">Does the affliction have to be attached to only the specific limb. 
        /// Most monsters for example don't have separate healths for different limbs, essentially meaning that every affliction is applied to every limb.</param>
        public float GetAfflictionStrength(Identifier afflictionType, Limb limb, bool requireLimbSpecific)
        {
            if (requireLimbSpecific && limbHealths.Count == 1) { return 0.0f; }

            float strength = 0.0f;
            LimbHealth limbHealth = limbHealths[limb.HealthIndex];
            foreach (KeyValuePair<Affliction, LimbHealth> kvp in afflictions)
            {
                if (kvp.Value == limbHealth)
                {
                    Affliction affliction = kvp.Key;
                    if (affliction.Strength < affliction.Prefab.ActivationThreshold) { continue; }
                    if (affliction.Prefab.AfflictionType == afflictionType)
                    {
                        strength += affliction.Strength;
                    }
                }
            }
            return strength;
        }

        public float GetAfflictionStrengthByType(Identifier afflictionType, bool allowLimbAfflictions = true)
        {
            return GetAfflictionStrength(afflictionType, afflictionidentifier: Identifier.Empty, allowLimbAfflictions);
        }

        public float GetAfflictionStrengthByIdentifier(Identifier afflictionIdentifier, bool allowLimbAfflictions = true)
        {
            return GetAfflictionStrength(afflictionType: Identifier.Empty, afflictionIdentifier, allowLimbAfflictions);
        }

        public float GetAfflictionStrength(Identifier afflictionType, Identifier afflictionidentifier, bool allowLimbAfflictions = true)
        {
            float strength = 0.0f;
            foreach (KeyValuePair<Affliction, LimbHealth> kvp in afflictions)
            {
                if (!allowLimbAfflictions && kvp.Value != null) { continue; }
                var affliction = kvp.Key;
                if (affliction.Strength < affliction.Prefab.ActivationThreshold) { continue; }
                if ((affliction.Prefab.AfflictionType == afflictionType || afflictionType.IsEmpty) &&
                    (affliction.Prefab.Identifier == afflictionidentifier || afflictionidentifier.IsEmpty))
                {
                    strength += affliction.Strength;
                }
            }
            return strength;
        }

        public void ApplyAffliction(Limb targetLimb, Affliction affliction, bool allowStacking = true, bool ignoreUnkillability = false)
        {
            if (Character.GodMode) { return; }
            if (!ignoreUnkillability)
            {
                if (!affliction.Prefab.IsBuff && Unkillable) { return; }
            }
            if (affliction.Prefab.LimbSpecific)
            {
                if (targetLimb == null)
                {
                    //if a limb-specific affliction is applied to no specific limb, apply to all limbs
                    foreach (LimbHealth limbHealth in limbHealths)
                    {
                        AddLimbAffliction(limbHealth, affliction, allowStacking: allowStacking);
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    AddLimbAffliction(targetLimb, affliction, allowStacking: allowStacking);
                }
            }
            else
            {
                AddAffliction(affliction, allowStacking: allowStacking);
            }
        }

        public float GetResistance(AfflictionPrefab afflictionPrefab)
        {
            // This is a % resistance (0 to 1.0)
            float resistance = 0.0f;
            foreach (KeyValuePair<Affliction, LimbHealth> kvp in afflictions)
            {
                var affliction = kvp.Key;
                resistance += affliction.GetResistance(afflictionPrefab.Identifier);
            }
            // This is a multiplier, ie. 0.0 = 100% resistance and 1.0 = 0% resistance
            float abilityResistanceMultiplier = Character.GetAbilityResistance(afflictionPrefab);
            // The returned value is calculated to be a % resistance again
            return 1 - ((1 - resistance) * abilityResistanceMultiplier);
        }

        public float GetStatValue(StatTypes statType)
        {
            float value = 0f;
            foreach (KeyValuePair<Affliction, LimbHealth> kvp in afflictions)
            {
                var affliction = kvp.Key;
                value += affliction.GetStatValue(statType);
            }
            return value;
        }

        public bool HasFlag(AbilityFlags flagType)
        {
            foreach (KeyValuePair<Affliction, LimbHealth> kvp in afflictions)
            {
                var affliction = kvp.Key;
                if (affliction.HasFlag(flagType)) { return true; }
            }
            return false;
        }

        private readonly List<Affliction> matchingAfflictions = new List<Affliction>();

        public void ReduceAllAfflictionsOnAllLimbs(float amount, ActionType? treatmentAction = null)
        {
            matchingAfflictions.Clear();
            matchingAfflictions.AddRange(afflictions.Keys);

            ReduceMatchingAfflictions(amount, treatmentAction);
        }
        
        public void ReduceAfflictionOnAllLimbs(Identifier afflictionIdOrType, float amount, ActionType? treatmentAction = null, Character attacker = null)
        {
            if (afflictionIdOrType.IsEmpty) { throw new ArgumentException($"{nameof(afflictionIdOrType)} is empty"); }

            matchingAfflictions.Clear();
            foreach (var affliction in afflictions)
            {
                if (affliction.Key.Prefab.Identifier == afflictionIdOrType || affliction.Key.Prefab.AfflictionType == afflictionIdOrType)
                {
                    matchingAfflictions.Add(affliction.Key);
                }
            }

            ReduceMatchingAfflictions(amount, treatmentAction, attacker);
        }

        private IEnumerable<Affliction> GetAfflictionsForLimb(Limb targetLimb)
            => afflictions.Keys.Where(k => afflictions[k] == limbHealths[targetLimb.HealthIndex]);
        
        public void ReduceAllAfflictionsOnLimb(Limb targetLimb, float amount, ActionType? treatmentAction = null)
        {
            if (targetLimb is null) { throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(targetLimb)); }

            matchingAfflictions.Clear();
            matchingAfflictions.AddRange(GetAfflictionsForLimb(targetLimb));

            ReduceMatchingAfflictions(amount, treatmentAction);
        }

        public void ReduceAfflictionOnLimb(Limb targetLimb, Identifier afflictionIdOrType, float amount, ActionType? treatmentAction = null, Character attacker = null)
        {
            if (afflictionIdOrType.IsEmpty) { throw new ArgumentException($"{nameof(afflictionIdOrType)} is empty"); }
            if (targetLimb is null) { throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(targetLimb)); }

            matchingAfflictions.Clear();
            var targetLimbHealth = limbHealths[targetLimb.HealthIndex];
            foreach (var affliction in afflictions)
            {
                if ((affliction.Key.Prefab.Identifier == afflictionIdOrType || affliction.Key.Prefab.AfflictionType == afflictionIdOrType) &&
                    affliction.Value == targetLimbHealth)
                {
                    matchingAfflictions.Add(affliction.Key);
                }
            }
            ReduceMatchingAfflictions(amount, treatmentAction, attacker);
        }

        private void ReduceMatchingAfflictions(float amount, ActionType? treatmentAction, Character attacker = null)
        {
            if (matchingAfflictions.Count == 0) { return; }

            float reduceAmount = amount / matchingAfflictions.Count;

            if (reduceAmount > 0f)
            {
                var abilityReduceAffliction = new AbilityReduceAffliction(Character, reduceAmount);
                attacker?.CheckTalents(AbilityEffectType.OnReduceAffliction, abilityReduceAffliction);
                reduceAmount = abilityReduceAffliction.Value;
            }

            for (int i = matchingAfflictions.Count - 1; i >= 0; i--)
            {
                var matchingAffliction = matchingAfflictions[i];

                if (matchingAffliction.Strength < reduceAmount)
                {
                    float surplus = reduceAmount - matchingAffliction.Strength;
                    amount -= matchingAffliction.Strength;
                    matchingAffliction.Strength = 0.0f;
                    matchingAfflictions.RemoveAt(i);
                    if (i == 0) { i = matchingAfflictions.Count; }
                    if (i > 0) { reduceAmount += surplus / i; }
                    AchievementManager.OnAfflictionRemoved(matchingAffliction, Character);
                }
                else
                {
                    matchingAffliction.Strength -= reduceAmount;
                    amount -= reduceAmount;
                    if (treatmentAction != null)
                    {
                        if (treatmentAction.Value == ActionType.OnUse || treatmentAction.Value == ActionType.OnSuccess)
                        {
                            matchingAffliction.AppliedAsSuccessfulTreatmentTime = Timing.TotalTime;
                        }
                        else if (treatmentAction.Value == ActionType.OnFailure)
                        {
                            matchingAffliction.AppliedAsFailedTreatmentTime = Timing.TotalTime;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            CalculateVitality();
        }

        public void ApplyDamage(Limb hitLimb, AttackResult attackResult, bool allowStacking = true)
        {
            if (Unkillable || Character.GodMode) { return; }
            if (hitLimb.HealthIndex < 0 || hitLimb.HealthIndex >= limbHealths.Count)
            {
                DebugConsole.ThrowError("Limb health index out of bounds. Character\"" + Character.Name +
                    "\" only has health configured for" + limbHealths.Count + " limbs but the limb " + hitLimb.type + " is targeting index " + hitLimb.HealthIndex);
                return;
            }

            foreach (Affliction newAffliction in attackResult.Afflictions)
            {
                if (newAffliction.Prefab.LimbSpecific)
                {
                    AddLimbAffliction(hitLimb, newAffliction, allowStacking);
                }
                else
                {
                    AddAffliction(newAffliction, allowStacking);
                }
            }            
        }

        private void KillIfOutOfVitality()
        {
            if (Vitality <= MinVitality &&
                !Character.HasAbilityFlag(AbilityFlags.CanNotDieToAfflictions))
            {
                Kill();
            }
        }

        private readonly static List<Affliction> afflictionsToRemove = new List<Affliction>();
        private readonly static List<KeyValuePair<Affliction, LimbHealth>> afflictionsToUpdate = new List<KeyValuePair<Affliction, LimbHealth>>();
        public void SetAllDamage(float damageAmount, float bleedingDamageAmount, float burnDamageAmount)
        {
            if (Unkillable || Character.GodMode) { return; }

            afflictionsToRemove.Clear();
            afflictionsToRemove.AddRange(afflictions.Keys.Where(a =>
                    a.Prefab.AfflictionType == AfflictionPrefab.InternalDamage.AfflictionType ||
                    a.Prefab.AfflictionType == AfflictionPrefab.Burn.AfflictionType ||
                    a.Prefab.AfflictionType == AfflictionPrefab.Bleeding.AfflictionType));
            foreach (var affliction in afflictionsToRemove)
            {
                afflictions.Remove(affliction);
            }

            foreach (LimbHealth limbHealth in limbHealths)
            {
                if (damageAmount > 0.0f) { afflictions.Add(AfflictionPrefab.InternalDamage.Instantiate(damageAmount), limbHealth); }
                if (bleedingDamageAmount > 0.0f && DoesBleed) { afflictions.Add(AfflictionPrefab.Bleeding.Instantiate(bleedingDamageAmount), limbHealth); }
                if (burnDamageAmount > 0.0f) { afflictions.Add(AfflictionPrefab.Burn.Instantiate(burnDamageAmount), limbHealth); }
            }

            CalculateVitality();
            KillIfOutOfVitality();
        }

        public float GetLimbDamage(Limb limb, Identifier afflictionType)
        {
            float damageStrength;
            if (limb.IsSevered)
            {
                return 1;
            }
            else
            {
                // Instead of using the limbhealth count here, I think it's best to define the max vitality per limb roughly with a constant value.
                // Therefore with e.g. 80 health, the max damage per limb would be 40.
                // Having at least 40 damage on both legs would cause maximum limping.
                float max = MaxVitality / 2;
                if (afflictionType.IsEmpty)
                {
                    float damage = GetAfflictionStrength(AfflictionPrefab.DamageType, limb, true);
                    float bleeding = GetAfflictionStrength(AfflictionPrefab.BleedingType, limb, true);
                    float burn = GetAfflictionStrength(AfflictionPrefab.BurnType, limb, true);
                    damageStrength = Math.Min(damage + bleeding + burn, max);
                }
                else
                {
                    damageStrength = Math.Min(GetAfflictionStrength(afflictionType, limb, true), max);
                }
                return damageStrength / max;
            }
        }

        public void RemoveAllAfflictions()
        {
            afflictionsToRemove.Clear();
            afflictionsToRemove.AddRange(afflictions.Keys.Where(a => !irremovableAfflictions.Contains(a))); 
            foreach (var affliction in afflictionsToRemove)
            {
                afflictions.Remove(affliction);
            }
            foreach (Affliction affliction in irremovableAfflictions)
            {
                affliction.Strength = 0.0f;
            }
            CalculateVitality();
        }

        public void RemoveNegativeAfflictions()
        {
            afflictionsToRemove.Clear();
            afflictionsToRemove.AddRange(afflictions.Keys.Where(a => 
                !irremovableAfflictions.Contains(a) && 
                !a.Prefab.IsBuff && 
                a.Prefab.AfflictionType != "geneticmaterialbuff" && 
                a.Prefab.AfflictionType != "geneticmaterialdebuff"));
            foreach (var affliction in afflictionsToRemove)
            {
                afflictions.Remove(affliction);
            }
            foreach (Affliction affliction in irremovableAfflictions)
            {
                affliction.Strength = 0.0f;
            }
            CalculateVitality();
        }

        private void AddLimbAffliction(Limb limb, Affliction newAffliction, bool allowStacking = true)
        {
            if (!newAffliction.Prefab.LimbSpecific || limb == null) { return; }
            if (limb.HealthIndex < 0 || limb.HealthIndex >= limbHealths.Count)
            {
                DebugConsole.ThrowError("Limb health index out of bounds. Character\"" + Character.Name +
                    "\" only has health configured for" + limbHealths.Count + " limbs but the limb " + limb.type + " is targeting index " + limb.HealthIndex);
                return;
            }
            AddLimbAffliction(limbHealths[limb.HealthIndex], newAffliction, allowStacking);
        }

        private void AddLimbAffliction(LimbHealth limbHealth, Affliction newAffliction, bool allowStacking = true)
        {
            if (Character.Params.IsMachine && !newAffliction.Prefab.AffectMachines) { return; }
            if (!DoesBleed && newAffliction is AfflictionBleeding) { return; }
            if (!Character.NeedsOxygen && newAffliction.Prefab == AfflictionPrefab.OxygenLow) { return; }
            if (Character.Params.Health.StunImmunity && newAffliction.Prefab.AfflictionType == AfflictionPrefab.StunType)
            {
                if (Character.EmpVulnerability <= 0 || GetAfflictionStrengthByType(AfflictionPrefab.EMPType, allowLimbAfflictions: false) <= 0)
                {
                    return;
                }
            }
            if (Character.Params.Health.PoisonImmunity)
            {
                if (newAffliction.Prefab.AfflictionType == AfflictionPrefab.PoisonType || newAffliction.Prefab.AfflictionType == AfflictionPrefab.ParalysisType)
                {
                    return;
                }
            }
            if (Character.EmpVulnerability <= 0 && newAffliction.Prefab.AfflictionType == AfflictionPrefab.EMPType) { return; }
            if (newAffliction.Prefab.TargetSpecies.Any() && newAffliction.Prefab.TargetSpecies.None(s => s == Character.SpeciesName)) { return; }
            if (Character.Params.Health.ImmunityIdentifiers.Contains(newAffliction.Identifier)) { return; }

            Affliction existingAffliction = null;
            foreach ((Affliction affliction, LimbHealth value) in afflictions)
            {
                if (value == limbHealth && affliction.Prefab == newAffliction.Prefab)
                {
                    existingAffliction = affliction;
                    break;
                }
            }

            if (existingAffliction != null)
            {
                float newStrength = newAffliction.Strength * (100.0f / MaxVitality) * (1f - GetResistance(existingAffliction.Prefab));
                if (allowStacking)
                {
                    // Add the existing strength
                    newStrength += existingAffliction.Strength;
                }
                newStrength = Math.Min(existingAffliction.Prefab.MaxStrength, newStrength);
                if (existingAffliction == stunAffliction) { Character.SetStun(newStrength, true, true); }
                existingAffliction.Strength = newStrength;
                existingAffliction.Duration = existingAffliction.Prefab.Duration;
                if (newAffliction.Source != null) { existingAffliction.Source = newAffliction.Source; }
                CalculateVitality();
                KillIfOutOfVitality();
                return;
            }            

            //create a new instance of the affliction to make sure we don't use the same instance for multiple characters
            //or modify the affliction instance of an Attack or a StatusEffect
            var copyAffliction = newAffliction.Prefab.Instantiate(
                Math.Min(newAffliction.Prefab.MaxStrength, newAffliction.Strength * (100.0f / MaxVitality) * (1f - GetResistance(newAffliction.Prefab))),
                newAffliction.Source);
            afflictions.Add(copyAffliction, limbHealth);
            AchievementManager.OnAfflictionReceived(copyAffliction, Character);
            MedicalClinic.OnAfflictionCountChanged(Character);

            Character.HealthUpdateInterval = 0.0f;

            CalculateVitality();
            KillIfOutOfVitality();
#if CLIENT
            if (OpenHealthWindow != this && limbHealth != null)
            {
                selectedLimbIndex = -1;
            }
#endif
        }

        private void AddAffliction(Affliction newAffliction, bool allowStacking = true)
        {
            AddLimbAffliction(limbHealth: null, newAffliction, allowStacking);
        }

        partial void UpdateSkinTint();

        partial void UpdateLimbAfflictionOverlays();

        public void Update(float deltaTime)
        {
            WasInFullHealth = vitality >= MaxVitality;

            UpdateOxygen(deltaTime);

            StunTimer = Stun > 0 ? StunTimer + deltaTime : 0;

            if (!Character.GodMode) 
            {
                afflictionsToRemove.Clear();
                afflictionsToUpdate.Clear();
                foreach (KeyValuePair<Affliction, LimbHealth> kvp in afflictions)
                {
                    var affliction = kvp.Key;
                    if (affliction.Strength <= 0.0f)
                    {
                        AchievementManager.OnAfflictionRemoved(affliction, Character);
                        if (!irremovableAfflictions.Contains(affliction)) { afflictionsToRemove.Add(affliction); }
                        continue;
                    }
                    if (affliction.Prefab.Duration > 0.0f)
                    {
                        affliction.Duration -= deltaTime;
                        if (affliction.Duration <= 0.0f)
                        {
                            afflictionsToRemove.Add(affliction);
                            continue;
                        }
                    }
                    afflictionsToUpdate.Add(kvp);
                }
                foreach (KeyValuePair<Affliction, LimbHealth> kvp in afflictionsToUpdate)
                {
                    var affliction = kvp.Key;
                    Limb targetLimb = null;
                    if (kvp.Value != null)
                    {
                        int healthIndex = limbHealths.IndexOf(kvp.Value);
                        targetLimb =
                            Character.AnimController.Limbs.LastOrDefault(l => !l.IsSevered && !l.Hidden && l.HealthIndex == healthIndex) ??
                            Character.AnimController.MainLimb;
                    }
                    affliction.Update(this, targetLimb, deltaTime);
                    affliction.DamagePerSecondTimer += deltaTime;
                    if (affliction is AfflictionBleeding bleeding)
                    {
                        UpdateBleedingProjSpecific(bleeding, targetLimb, deltaTime);
                    }
                    Character.StackSpeedMultiplier(affliction.GetSpeedMultiplier());
                }

                foreach (var affliction in afflictionsToRemove)
                {
                    afflictions.Remove(affliction);
                }

                if (afflictionsToRemove.Count is not 0)
                {
                    MedicalClinic.OnAfflictionCountChanged(Character);
                }
            }

            Character.StackSpeedMultiplier(1f + Character.GetStatValue(StatTypes.MovementSpeed));
            if (Character.InWater)
            {
                Character.StackSpeedMultiplier(1f + Character.GetStatValue(StatTypes.SwimmingSpeed));
            }
            else
            {
                Character.StackSpeedMultiplier(1f + Character.GetStatValue(StatTypes.WalkingSpeed));
            }

            UpdateDamageReductions(deltaTime);

            if (!Character.GodMode)
            {
#if CLIENT
                if (Character.IsVisible)
                {
                    UpdateLimbAfflictionOverlays();
                    UpdateSkinTint();
                }
#endif
                CalculateVitality();
                KillIfOutOfVitality();
            }
        }

        public void ForceUpdateVisuals()
        {
            UpdateLimbAfflictionOverlays();
            UpdateSkinTint();
        }

        private void UpdateDamageReductions(float deltaTime)
        {
            float healthRegen = Character.Params.Health.ConstantHealthRegeneration;
            if (healthRegen > 0)
            {
                ReduceAfflictionOnAllLimbs("damage".ToIdentifier(), healthRegen * deltaTime);
            }
            float burnReduction = Character.Params.Health.BurnReduction;
            if (burnReduction > 0)
            {
                ReduceAfflictionOnAllLimbs("burn".ToIdentifier(), burnReduction * deltaTime);
            }
            float bleedingReduction = Character.Params.Health.BleedingReduction;
            if (bleedingReduction > 0)
            {
                ReduceAfflictionOnAllLimbs("bleeding".ToIdentifier(), bleedingReduction * deltaTime);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 0-1.
        /// </summary>
        public float OxygenLowResistance => !Character.NeedsOxygen ? 1 : GetResistance(oxygenLowAffliction.Prefab);

        private void UpdateOxygen(float deltaTime)
        {
            if (!Character.NeedsOxygen)
            {
                oxygenLowAffliction.Strength = 0.0f;
                return; 
            }

            float oxygenlowResistance = GetResistance(oxygenLowAffliction.Prefab);
            float prevOxygen = OxygenAmount;
            if (IsUnconscious)
            {
                //clamp above 0.1 (no amount of oxygen low resistance should keep the character alive indefinitely)
                float decreaseSpeed = Math.Max(0.1f, 1f - oxygenlowResistance);
                //the character dies of oxygen deprivation in 100 seconds after losing consciousness
                OxygenAmount = MathHelper.Clamp(OxygenAmount - decreaseSpeed * deltaTime, -100.0f, 100.0f);
            }
            else
            {
                float decreaseSpeed = -5.0f;
                float increaseSpeed = 10.0f;
                decreaseSpeed *= (1f - oxygenlowResistance);
                increaseSpeed *= (1f + oxygenlowResistance);
                float holdBreathMultiplier = Character.GetStatValue(StatTypes.HoldBreathMultiplier);
                if (holdBreathMultiplier <= -1.0f)
                {
                    OxygenAmount = -100.0f;
                }
                else
                {
                    decreaseSpeed /= 1.0f + Character.GetStatValue(StatTypes.HoldBreathMultiplier);
                    OxygenAmount = MathHelper.Clamp(OxygenAmount + deltaTime * (Character.OxygenAvailable < InsufficientOxygenThreshold ? decreaseSpeed : increaseSpeed), -100.0f, 100.0f);
                }
            }

            UpdateOxygenProjSpecific(prevOxygen, deltaTime);
        }

        partial void UpdateOxygenProjSpecific(float prevOxygen, float deltaTime);

        partial void UpdateBleedingProjSpecific(AfflictionBleeding affliction, Limb targetLimb, float deltaTime);

        public void SetVitality(float newVitality)
        {
            UnmodifiedMaxVitality = newVitality;
            CalculateVitality();
        }

        public void CalculateVitality()
        {
            vitality = MaxVitality;
            IsParalyzed = false;
            if (Unkillable || Character.GodMode) { return; }

            foreach (var (affliction, limbHealth) in afflictions)
            {
                float vitalityDecrease = affliction.GetVitalityDecrease(this);
                if (limbHealth != null)
                {
                    vitalityDecrease *= GetVitalityMultiplier(affliction, limbHealth);
                }
                vitality -= vitalityDecrease;
                affliction.CalculateDamagePerSecond(vitalityDecrease);

                if (affliction.Strength >= affliction.Prefab.MaxStrength &&
                    affliction.Prefab.AfflictionType == AfflictionPrefab.ParalysisType)
                {
                    IsParalyzed = true;
                }
            }
#if CLIENT
            if (IsUnconscious)
            {
                HintManager.OnCharacterUnconscious(Character);
            }
#endif
        }

        private static float GetVitalityMultiplier(Affliction affliction, LimbHealth limbHealth)
        {
            float multiplier = 1.0f;
            if (limbHealth.VitalityMultipliers.TryGetValue(affliction.Prefab.Identifier, out float vitalityMultiplier))
            {
                multiplier *= vitalityMultiplier;
            }
            if (limbHealth.VitalityTypeMultipliers.TryGetValue(affliction.Prefab.AfflictionType, out float vitalityTypeMultiplier))
            {
                multiplier *= vitalityTypeMultiplier;
            }
            return multiplier;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// How much vitality the affliction reduces, taking into account the effects of vitality modifiers on the limb the affliction is on (if limb-based)
        /// </summary>
        private float GetVitalityDecreaseWithVitalityMultipliers(Affliction affliction)
        {
            float vitalityDecrease = affliction.GetVitalityDecrease(this);
            if (afflictions.TryGetValue(affliction, out LimbHealth limbHealth) && limbHealth != null)
            {
                vitalityDecrease *= GetVitalityMultiplier(affliction, limbHealth);
            }            
            return vitalityDecrease;
        }

        private void Kill()
        {
            if (Unkillable || Character.GodMode) { return; }
            
            var (type, affliction) = GetCauseOfDeath();
            UpdateLimbAfflictionOverlays();
            UpdateSkinTint();
            Character.Kill(type, affliction);

            WasInFullHealth = false;
#if CLIENT
            DisplayVitalityDelay = 0.0f;
            DisplayedVitality = Vitality;
#endif
        }

        // We need to use another list of the afflictions when we call the status effects triggered by afflictions,
        // because those status effects may add or remove other afflictions while iterating the collection.
        private readonly List<Affliction> afflictionsCopy = new List<Affliction>();
        public void ApplyAfflictionStatusEffects(ActionType type)
        {
            afflictionsCopy.Clear();
            afflictionsCopy.AddRange(afflictions.Keys);
            foreach (Affliction affliction in afflictionsCopy)
            {
                affliction.ApplyStatusEffects(type, 1.0f, this, targetLimb: GetAfflictionLimb(affliction));
            }
        }

        public (CauseOfDeathType type, Affliction affliction) GetCauseOfDeath()
        {
            List<Affliction> currentAfflictions = GetAllAfflictions(true);

            Affliction strongestAffliction = null;
            float largestStrength = 0.0f;
            foreach (Affliction affliction in currentAfflictions)
            {
                if (strongestAffliction == null || affliction.GetVitalityDecrease(this) > largestStrength)
                {
                    strongestAffliction = affliction;
                    largestStrength = affliction.GetVitalityDecrease(this);
                }
            }

            CauseOfDeathType causeOfDeath = strongestAffliction == null ? CauseOfDeathType.Unknown : CauseOfDeathType.Affliction;
            if (strongestAffliction == oxygenLowAffliction)
            {
                causeOfDeath = Character.AnimController.InWater ? CauseOfDeathType.Drowning : CauseOfDeathType.Suffocation;
            }

            return (causeOfDeath, strongestAffliction);
        }

        private readonly List<Affliction> allAfflictions = new List<Affliction>();
        private List<Affliction> GetAllAfflictions(bool mergeSameAfflictions, Func<Affliction, bool> predicate = null)
        {
            allAfflictions.Clear();
            if (!mergeSameAfflictions)
            {
                allAfflictions.AddRange(predicate  == null ? afflictions.Keys : afflictions.Keys.Where(predicate));
            }
            else
            {
                foreach (Affliction affliction in afflictions.Keys)
                {
                    if (predicate != null && !predicate(affliction)) { continue; }
                    var existingAffliction = allAfflictions.Find(a => a.Prefab == affliction.Prefab);
                    if (existingAffliction == null)
                    {
                        var newAffliction = affliction.Prefab.Instantiate(affliction.Strength);
                        if (affliction.Source != null) { newAffliction.Source = affliction.Source; }
                        newAffliction.DamagePerSecond = affliction.DamagePerSecond;
                        newAffliction.DamagePerSecondTimer = affliction.DamagePerSecondTimer;
                        allAfflictions.Add(newAffliction);
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        existingAffliction.DamagePerSecond += affliction.DamagePerSecond;
                        existingAffliction.Strength += affliction.Strength;
                    }
                }
            }
            return allAfflictions;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Get the identifiers of the items that can be used to treat the character. Takes into account all the afflictions the character has,
        /// and negative treatment suitabilities (e.g. a medicine that causes oxygen loss may not be suitable if the character is already suffocating)
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="treatmentSuitability">A dictionary where the key is the identifier of the item and the value the suitability</param>
        /// <param name="predictFutureDuration">If above 0, the method will take into account how much currently active status effects while affect the afflictions in the next x seconds.</param>   
        public void GetSuitableTreatments(Dictionary<Identifier, float> treatmentSuitability, Character user, Limb limb = null, bool ignoreHiddenAfflictions = false, float predictFutureDuration = 0.0f)
        {
            //key = item identifier
            //float = suitability
            treatmentSuitability.Clear();
            float minSuitability = -10, maxSuitability = 10;
            foreach (KeyValuePair<Affliction, LimbHealth> kvp in afflictions)
            {
                var affliction = kvp.Key;
                var limbHealth = kvp.Value;
                if (limb != null && 
                    affliction.Prefab.LimbSpecific && 
                    GetMatchingLimbHealth(affliction) != GetMatchingLimbHealth(limb))
                {
                    if (limbHealth == null) { continue; }
                    int healthIndex = limbHealths.IndexOf(limbHealth);
                    if (limb.HealthIndex != healthIndex) { continue; }
                }

                float strength = affliction.Strength;
                if (predictFutureDuration > 0.0f)
                {
                    strength = GetPredictedStrength(affliction, predictFutureDuration, limb);
                }

                //other afflictions of the same type increase the "treatability"
                // e.g. we might want to ignore burns below 5%, but not if the character has them on all limbs
                float totalAfflictionStrength = strength + GetTotalAdjustedAfflictionStrength(affliction, includeSameAffliction: false);
                
                if (afflictions.Any(otherAffliction => affliction.Prefab.IgnoreTreatmentIfAfflictedBy.Contains(otherAffliction.Key.Identifier))) { continue; }

                if (ignoreHiddenAfflictions)
                {
                    if (user == Character)
                    {
                        if (strength < affliction.Prefab.ShowIconThreshold) { continue; }
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        if (strength < affliction.Prefab.ShowIconToOthersThreshold) { continue; }
                    }
                }

                foreach (KeyValuePair<Identifier, float> treatment in affliction.Prefab.TreatmentSuitabilities)
                {
                    float suitability = treatment.Value * strength;
                    if (suitability > 0)
                    {
                        //if this a suitable treatment, ignore it if the affliction isn't severe enough to treat
                        //if the suitability is negative though, we need to take it into account!
                        //otherwise we may end up e.g. giving too much opiates to someone already close to overdosing
                        if (totalAfflictionStrength < affliction.Prefab.TreatmentThreshold) { continue; }
                    }
                    if (treatment.Value > strength)
                    {
                        //avoid using very effective meds on small injuries
                        float overtreatmentFactor = MathHelper.Clamp(treatment.Value / strength, 1.0f, 10.0f);
                        suitability /= overtreatmentFactor;
                    }
                    if (!treatmentSuitability.ContainsKey(treatment.Key))
                    {
                        treatmentSuitability[treatment.Key] = suitability;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        treatmentSuitability[treatment.Key] += suitability;
                    }
                    minSuitability = Math.Min(treatmentSuitability[treatment.Key], minSuitability);
                    maxSuitability = Math.Max(treatmentSuitability[treatment.Key], maxSuitability);
                }
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Returns the total strength of instances of the same affliction on all the characters limbs, 
        /// with a smaller weight given to the other afflictions on other limbs
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="otherAfflictionMultiplier">Multiplier on the strengths of the afflictions on other limbs.</param>
        /// <param name="includeSameAffliction">Should the strength of the provided affliction be included too?</param>
        public float GetTotalAdjustedAfflictionStrength(Affliction affliction, float otherAfflictionMultiplier = 0.3f, bool includeSameAffliction = true)
        {
            float totalAfflictionStrength = includeSameAffliction ? affliction.Strength : 0;
            if (affliction.Prefab.LimbSpecific)
            {
                foreach (Affliction otherAffliction in afflictions.Keys)
                {
                    if (affliction.Prefab == otherAffliction.Prefab && affliction != otherAffliction) 
                    { 
                        totalAfflictionStrength += otherAffliction.Strength * otherAfflictionMultiplier; 
                    }
                }
            }
            return totalAfflictionStrength;
        }

        private readonly HashSet<Identifier> afflictionTags = new HashSet<Identifier>();
        public IEnumerable<Identifier> GetActiveAfflictionTags()
        {
            afflictionTags.Clear();
            foreach (Affliction affliction in afflictions.Keys)
            {
                var currentEffect = affliction.GetActiveEffect();
                if (currentEffect is { Tag.IsEmpty: false })
                {
                    afflictionTags.Add(currentEffect.Tag);
                }
            }
            return afflictionTags;
        }

        public float GetPredictedStrength(Affliction affliction, float predictFutureDuration, Limb limb = null)
        {
            float strength = affliction.Strength;
            foreach (var statusEffect in StatusEffect.DurationList)
            {
                if (!statusEffect.Targets.Any(t => t == Character || (limb != null && Character.AnimController.Limbs.Contains(t)))) { continue; }
                float statusEffectDuration = Math.Min(statusEffect.Timer, predictFutureDuration);
                foreach (var statusEffectAffliction in statusEffect.Parent.Afflictions)
                {
                    if (statusEffectAffliction.Prefab == affliction.Prefab)
                    {
                        strength += statusEffectAffliction.Strength * statusEffectDuration;
                    }
                }
                foreach (var statusEffectAffliction in statusEffect.Parent.ReduceAffliction)
                {
                    if (statusEffectAffliction.AfflictionIdentifier == affliction.Identifier ||
                        statusEffectAffliction.AfflictionIdentifier == affliction.Prefab.AfflictionType)
                    {
                        strength -= statusEffectAffliction.ReduceAmount * statusEffectDuration;
                    }
                }
            }
            return MathHelper.Clamp(strength, 0.0f, affliction.Prefab.MaxStrength);
        }

        private readonly List<Affliction> activeAfflictions = new List<Affliction>();
        private readonly List<(LimbHealth limbHealth, Affliction affliction)> limbAfflictions = new List<(LimbHealth limbHealth, Affliction affliction)>();
        public void ServerWrite(IWriteMessage msg)
        {
            activeAfflictions.Clear();
            foreach (KeyValuePair<Affliction, LimbHealth> kvp in afflictions)
            {
                var affliction = kvp.Key;
                var limbHealth = kvp.Value;
                if (limbHealth != null) { continue; }
                if (affliction.Strength > 0.0f && affliction.Strength >= affliction.Prefab.ActivationThreshold)
                {
                    activeAfflictions.Add(affliction);
                }
            }
            msg.WriteByte((byte)activeAfflictions.Count);
            foreach (Affliction affliction in activeAfflictions)
            {
                msg.WriteUInt32(affliction.Prefab.UintIdentifier);
                msg.WriteRangedSingle(
                    MathHelper.Clamp(affliction.Strength, 0.0f, affliction.Prefab.MaxStrength), 
                    0.0f, affliction.Prefab.MaxStrength, 8);
                msg.WriteByte((byte)affliction.Prefab.PeriodicEffects.Count);
                foreach (AfflictionPrefab.PeriodicEffect periodicEffect in affliction.Prefab.PeriodicEffects)
                {
                    msg.WriteRangedSingle(affliction.PeriodicEffectTimers[periodicEffect], 0, periodicEffect.MaxInterval, 8);
                }
            }

            limbAfflictions.Clear();
            foreach (KeyValuePair<Affliction, LimbHealth> kvp in afflictions)
            {
                var limbAffliction = kvp.Key;
                var limbHealth = kvp.Value;
                if (limbHealth == null) { continue; }
                if (limbAffliction.Strength <= 0.0f || limbAffliction.Strength < limbAffliction.Prefab.ActivationThreshold) { continue; }
                limbAfflictions.Add((limbHealth, limbAffliction));                
            }

            msg.WriteByte((byte)limbAfflictions.Count);
            foreach (var (limbHealth, affliction) in limbAfflictions)
            {
                msg.WriteRangedInteger(limbHealths.IndexOf(limbHealth), 0, limbHealths.Count - 1);
                msg.WriteUInt32(affliction.Prefab.UintIdentifier);
                msg.WriteRangedSingle(
                    MathHelper.Clamp(affliction.Strength, 0.0f, affliction.Prefab.MaxStrength), 
                    0.0f, affliction.Prefab.MaxStrength, 8);
                msg.WriteByte((byte)affliction.Prefab.PeriodicEffects.Count);
                foreach (AfflictionPrefab.PeriodicEffect periodicEffect in affliction.Prefab.PeriodicEffects)
                {
                    msg.WriteRangedSingle(affliction.PeriodicEffectTimers[periodicEffect], periodicEffect.MinInterval, periodicEffect.MaxInterval, 8);
                }
            }
        }

        public void Remove()
        {
            RemoveProjSpecific();
            afflictionsToRemove.Clear();
            afflictionsToUpdate.Clear();
        }

        partial void RemoveProjSpecific();

        /// <summary>
        /// Automatically filters out buffs.
        /// </summary>
        public static IEnumerable<Affliction> SortAfflictionsBySeverity(IEnumerable<Affliction> afflictions, bool excludeBuffs = true) =>
            afflictions.Where(a => !excludeBuffs || !a.Prefab.IsBuff).OrderByDescending(a => a.DamagePerSecond).ThenByDescending(a => a.Strength / a.Prefab.MaxStrength);

        public void Save(XElement healthElement)
        {
            foreach (KeyValuePair<Affliction, LimbHealth> kvp in afflictions)
            {
                var affliction = kvp.Key;
                var limbHealth = kvp.Value;
                if (affliction.Strength <= 0.0f || limbHealth != null) { continue; }
                if (kvp.Key.Prefab.ResetBetweenRounds) { continue; }
                healthElement.Add(new XElement("Affliction",
                    new XAttribute("identifier", affliction.Identifier),
                    new XAttribute("strength", affliction.Strength.ToString("G", CultureInfo.InvariantCulture))));
            }

            for (int i = 0; i < limbHealths.Count; i++)
            {
                var limbHealthElement = new XElement("LimbHealth", new XAttribute("i", i));
                healthElement.Add(limbHealthElement);
                foreach (KeyValuePair<Affliction, LimbHealth> kvp in afflictions.Where(a => a.Value == limbHealths[i]))
                {
                    var affliction = kvp.Key;
                    var limbHealth = kvp.Value;
                    if (affliction.Strength <= 0.0f) { continue; }
                    limbHealthElement.Add(new XElement("Affliction",
                        new XAttribute("identifier", affliction.Identifier),
                        new XAttribute("strength", affliction.Strength.ToString("G", CultureInfo.InvariantCulture))));
                }
            }
        }

        public void Load(XElement element, Func<AfflictionPrefab, bool> afflictionPredicate = null)
        {
            foreach (var subElement in element.Elements())
            {
                switch (subElement.Name.ToString().ToLowerInvariant())
                {
                    case "affliction":
                        LoadAffliction(subElement);
                        break;
                    case "limbhealth":
                        int limbHealthIndex = subElement.GetAttributeInt("i", -1);
                        if (limbHealthIndex < 0 || limbHealthIndex >= limbHealths.Count)
                        {
                            DebugConsole.ThrowError($"Error while loading character health: limb index \"{limbHealthIndex}\" out of range.");
                            continue;
                        }
                        foreach (XElement afflictionElement in subElement.Elements())
                        {
                            LoadAffliction(afflictionElement, limbHealths[limbHealthIndex]);
                        }
                        break;
                }
            }

            void LoadAffliction(XElement afflictionElement, LimbHealth limbHealth = null)
            {
                string id = afflictionElement.GetAttributeString("identifier", "");
                var afflictionPrefab = AfflictionPrefab.Prefabs.Find(a => a.Identifier == id);
                if (afflictionPrefab == null)
                {
                    DebugConsole.ThrowError($"Error while loading character health: affliction \"{id}\" not found.");
                    return;
                }
                if (afflictionPredicate != null && !afflictionPredicate.Invoke(afflictionPrefab)) { return; }
                float strength = afflictionElement.GetAttributeFloat("strength", 0.0f);
                var irremovableAffliction = irremovableAfflictions.FirstOrDefault(a => a.Prefab == afflictionPrefab);
                if (irremovableAffliction != null)
                {
                    irremovableAffliction.Strength = strength;
                }
                else
                {
                    afflictions.Add(afflictionPrefab.Instantiate(strength), limbHealth);
                }
            }
        }
    }
}